Volume 43 (1997) No. 4
Volume 43 (1997) No. 4
In Commemoration of Marta Grófová (1936 -1997) ...............129
Editorial
Infection May Have Shaped the Evolution of the Biphasic Immune Response to Cancer
R. T. PREHN...................................................131
University of Washington, Department of Pathology, Kirkland, WA, USA
Author's address: Richmond T. Prehn, University of Washington, Department of Pathology, 407 Lake Avenue West, Kirkland, WA, USA. 98033-5308. E-mail: prehn@u.washington.edu.
Aricles
Comparative Aspects of the Chicken Immunogenetics (Review)
J. PLACHÝ*, K. HÁLA**.........................................133
*Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
**Institute for General and Experimental Pathology, University of Innsbruck, Austria
Corresponding author: Jiøí Plachý, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 37 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
The GT-Rich Sequence in the U5 Region of Rous Sarcoma Virus Long Terminal Repeat Is Required for Transcription Termination and 3' Processing
P.J. CLEAVINGER*, J.C. KANDALA, R.V. GUNTAKA..................153
Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO
*Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
Corresponding author: Rem V. Guntaka, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia 65212, USA. Tel. (314) 882-7139 or 875-2259; Fax (314) 884-4536 or 882-4287.
Abstracts
Electron Microscopic Demonstration of the Interaction of Liposomes and Cells in vitro
J. SCHRAMLOVÁ*, K. BLAŽEK*, V. DANIELOVÁ*, M. BARTÁÈKOVÁ**, J. HOLUBOVÁ*, B. OTOVÁ***, D. HULÍNSKÁ*..........................161
*National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic
**Léèiva, Inc., Dolni Mìcholupy, Czech Republic
***Department of Biology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
Corresponding author: J. Schramlová, National Institute of Public Health, Šrobárova 48, 100 42 Prague 10, Czech Republic.
Abstracts
Electron Microscopic Demonstration of the Penetration of Liposomes through Skin
J. SCHRAMLOVÁ*, K. BLAŽEK*, M. BARTÁÈKOVÁ**, B. OTOVÁ***, L. MARDEŠIÈOVÁ+, V. ŽIŽKOVSKÝ*, D. HULÍNSKÁ*.....................165
*National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic
**Léèiva, Inc., Dolní Mìcholupy, Czech Republic
***Department of Biology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic +Dermato-Venerologic Clinic, Institute of Postgraduate Education in Health, Prague, Czech Republic
Corresponding author: Jana Schramlová, National Institute of Public Health, Šrobárova 48, 100 42 Prague 10, Czech Republic.
Abstracts
Particle Agglutination Test "Serodia HIV-1/2" as a Novel Anti-HIV-1/2 Screening Test: Comparative Study on 3,311 Serum Samples
M. POLJAK, N. ŽENER, K. SEME, L. KRISTANÈIÈ...................171
Slovenian AIDS Reference Center, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical Faculty of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
Corresponding author: Mario Poljak, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical Faculty of Ljubljana, Zaloška 4, 1105 Ljubljana, Slovenia. Tel. +386 61 1403 042; Fax +386 61 302 895; e-mail poljak@ibmi.mf.uni-lj.si
Abstracts
Abstracts
The GT-Rich Sequence in the U5 Region of Rous Sarcoma Virus Long Terminal Repeat Is Required for Transcription Termination and 3' Processing
P.J. CLEAVINGER*, J.C. KANDALA, R.V. GUNTAKA
The sequences in the LTR of Rous sarcoma virus that are required for transcription termination and polyadenylation have been determined. A vector containing LTR-neo-LTR has been constructed and deletions in the U5 region of the downstream LTR have been made. The DNAs from wild-type and deletion mutant recombinant plasmids were introduced into QT6 cells and G148-resistant transformants were selected. Those transformants with neo sequences in the arrangement, LTR-neo-LTR, were analyzed for transcription termination and polyadenylation by Northern blot analysis and by S1 protection experiments. The results indicate that the polyadenylation signal, AATAAA, located in the U3 region alone, is not sufficient for 3' end processing and that the sequence between +20 and +44 in the U5 region is absolutely required for transcription termination or endonucleolytic cleavage and polyadenylation.
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Electron Microscopic Demonstration of the Interaction of Liposomes and Cells in vitro
J. SCHRAMLOVÁ*, K. BLAŽEK*, V. DANIELOVÁ*, M. BARTÁÈKOVÁ**, J. HOLUBOVÁ*, B. OTOVÁ***, D. HULÍNSKÁ*
We have investigated the interaction of liposomes with the continuous cell lines P388D1 and L-132 and mouse peritoneal macrophages. To distinguish the liposomes from other vesicular structures, we have used liposomes with incorporated protein G and gold. A heterogeneous mixture of multilamellar liposomes 30 nm up to 1000 nm in size has been employed. Samples were examined at different time intervals. We found differences in the uptake of liposomes with regard to size and rate. Cells of a P388D1 monolayer took up liposomes by endocytosis very early after addition of liposomes and the number of lysosomes in their cytoplasm increased. In L-132 cells, first a fusion occurred between liposomes and the cell cytoplasmic protrusions, in the cytoplasm of which the mitochondria had multiplied. Peritoneal macrophages phagocytosed mainly large multilamellar liposomes and the membranous system of Golgi apparatus was the most prominent structure in the cytoplasm. Phagocytosis in P388D1 and L-132 cells was noted sporadically as late as 24 h after addition of liposomes to the cells.
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Electron Microscopic Demonstration of the Penetration of Liposomes through Skin
J. SCHRAMLOVÁ*, K. BLAŽEK*, M. BARTÁÈKOVÁ**, B. OTOVÁ***, L. MARDEŠIÈOVÁ+, V. ŽIŽKOVSKÝ*, D. HULÍNSKÁ*
To verify the penetration of liposomes through skin, we have used liposomes with encapsulated protein G-gold conjugate in a gel vehicle. Skin samples were examined 2, 4, 24, 48, and 72 h after liposome application. Our findings show that the penetration of liposomes through skin depends mainly on their size. Liposomes up to 600 nm in diameter penetrate through skin rather easily, whereas liposomes 1000 nm and more in diameter remain interiorized in the stratum corneum. The main penetration of liposomes proceeds along the hair sheaths as indicated by larger amounts of free liposomes in the corium of guinea pigs.
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Particle Agglutination Test "Serodia HIV-1/2" as a Novel Anti-HIV-1/2 Screening Test: Comparative Study on 3,311 Serum Samples
M. POLJAK, N. ŽENER, K. SEME, L. KRISTANÈIÈ
Enzyme immunoassays are most widely used screening tests for antibodies to human immnunodeficiency viruses (HIV). Nevertheless, the need of simpler, noninstrumented tests is evident in many parts of the world, where laboratory facilities and trained personnel are limited, and HIV incidence is high. A recently developed variant of gelatin-particle agglutination tests, Serodia HIV-1/2 (Fujirebio Inc., Tokyo, Japan), is one of such simple and noninstrumented tests. To evaluate its utility, 3311 serum samples (281 anti-HIV-1 positive, 8 anti- HIV-2 positive and 3022 anti-HIV-1/2 negative) obtained from 2632 individuals from Slovenia, other parts of former Yugoslavia and Senegal were investigated. No false-negative results and only one false-positive result were obtained during the procedures, giving an overall sensitivity and specificity of the particle agglutination test of 100% and 99.97%, respectively. We have concluded that Serodia HIV-1/2 test is highly specific and sensitive for detection of anti-HIV-1/2 antibodies, suitable for small blood banks and for epidemiological surveys.
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